Page 266 - New Medley 4 Semester 2 PDF (Merged)

city in the Arabian Sea. Today, it is the largest producer of oil in India.

Other important oil producing centres are Digboi, Ankleshwar, Cambay
and Sibsagar. The major oil refineries in India are located at Jamnagar,

Digboi, Kochi, Mumbai, Chennai, Mathura, Panipat and Barauni. In many
oilfields, natural gas is also found along with mineral oil.

Conservation of Minerals

The mineral resources in our country are limited. Once used, they are
lost forever. We must explore new areas for mining minerals and use

the existing ones with great care. We should use renewable resources
like solar energy and wind energy more and more. Sources of renewable

energy do not get exhausted. Moreover, they are almost pollution free.
We should also emphasise on the three R’s—Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

These three R’s help us conserve our natural resources.

AT ONE GO

 All kinds of metals are derived from minerals.
 A rock which is rich in one mineral is called its ore.

 The process of taking out minerals from the Earth is called mining.
 Minerals are of two types—metallic and nonmetallic.
 Coal and petroleum are called mineral fuels.

REMEMBER THESE TERMS

Mineral ore : A material extracted from the Earth from which metals are produced on a
large scale.
Smelting : Metals are separated through this process.
Crude petroleum : Raw petroleum which is taken out of wells.

Check Your Study

A. Tick () the correct answers.

1. It has minerals as a component.

(a) Air (b) Water (c) Rock

2. Metallic minerals include

(a) iron (b) coal (c) CNG

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