Page 292 - New Medley 5 Semester 2

There was a civil war between Northern and Southern States for four

years. The Northern States won the war and Lincoln was able to keep the
USA united. Lincoln freed all the slaves even before the Civil War came

to an end. But the Southern States were not happy. Lincoln wanted the
people to forget the past and live in peace and unity. Lincoln was shot

dead by a supporter of the Southern States.

Karl Marx
Karl Marx was born in Germany in 1818. He was a learned

man. He studied law, philosophy, history and politics.

The Industrial Revolution influenced all the European
countries. The owners of the factories used to force the
workers to work for long hours to earn more profits.

The workers were paid low wages and their condition
was bad. The factory owners earned huge profits and

became rich. Thus, there were rich and poor people. Over Karl Marx
a period of time, the middle class also developed. The rich industrialists

and big landlords were called capitalists.

Karl Marx wanted that society in place of individuals should be the owner

of everything. He and his friends supported the cause of workers. He
wrote two books, Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. He encouraged
the workers to fight for their rights. The revolution of the workers was

crushed and Karl Marx fled from Germany.

He went to England and stayed in London. After his death, Lenin adopted

his ideas, which led to the formation of the Soviet Union. Karl Marx
became immortal due to his belief in the equality of all human beings.

• Critical thinking
Answer the following questions.
1. Who founded the ‘Missionaries of Charity’?

2. Which language did Kalidasa write in?
3. Who is called the ‘Shakespeare of India’?
4. Who wrote Gitanjali?
5. Who was Plato?

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