Page 127 - New Medley 5 Semester 1

2. A numeral with smaller value written on the right is added to the
numeral of the larger value.

Example: VI = 5 + 1 = 6, XV = 10 + 5 = 15, CLV = 100 + 50 + 5 =

155, etc.

3. A numeral with the smaller value written on the left is subtracted from
the numeral of the larger value. Only I, X and C can be subtracted.

Example: IV = 5 – 1 = 4, XL = 50 – 10 = 40, XC = 100 – 10 = 90,
etc.

Z ZZ V, L and D never be subtracted.

Z ZZ I can be subtracted only from V and X, X can be subtracted only

from L and C and C can be subtracted only from D and M.

Following these rules, we write:

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

XXX XL L LX LXX LXXX XC C CV CX

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 105 110

CL CC CCC CD D DC DCC DCCC CM M

150 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Example 31: Express the following in the Roman Numerals.

(a) 25 (b) 42 (c) 68 (d) 196

Solution: (a) 25 = 10 + 10 + 5 = XXV

(b) 42 = 40 + 2 = (50 – 10) + 2 = XLII

(c) 68 = 60 + 8 = 50 + 10 + 5 + 3 = LXVIII

(d) 196 = 100 + 90 + 6 = 100 + (100 – 10) + 6 = CXCVI

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